
The websites behind repeated AI recommendations
Our research across technology, cyber security and app development found repeated recommendations appearing alongside the same websites. We measured the pattern, then compared the shortlists in the remaining answers.
Data rechecked . We removed one group's data and recounted every figure.
In our app-development research, 3 Sided Cube appeared as a supplier candidate in 52% of Claude’s answers. In the subset of answers that did not cite its website, it appeared in 15%. The same five companies still led the sample, but their order changed.
That difference matters to a marketing team reporting how often its company makes an AI shortlist. Repeated appearances can come with repeated sources. A recommendation count alone does not show how much of that visibility sits alongside the same website.
Across our technology, cyber security and app research, those recurring websites included suppliers’ own sites, competitors’ sites, a sector directory and comparison publishers. The pattern varied by market and engine.
What we studied
We reviewed 311 saved answers to 104 research-written questions; 305 had saved sources. The records came from existing company and prospect-market research, collected between 30 July and 21 August 2026. They are not transcripts of real buyer conversations or a benchmark of today’s engines.
The three reporting groups are Technology, Cyber security and App development. Technology covers IT support.
We counted a recommendation when an answer affirmatively offered a named supplier or solution for the requested purchase, including conditional alternatives. This is shortlist inclusion, not necessarily an explicit first choice. We then measured which websites appeared alongside those recommendations.
App development: the same leading companies, in a different order
Claude’s app answers covered charity, public-sector and social-impact buying situations. In the complete sample, 3 Sided Cube was the most frequent candidate at 52%, followed by Reason Digital at 42%.
We then set aside every answer citing 3sidedcube.com. That left 56% of the original sample. Reason Digital became the most frequent candidate at 26%; 3 Sided Cube moved to fifth at 15%.
- 3 Sided Cube52% all · 15% subset
- Reason Digital42% all · 26% subset
- Torchbox25% all · 19% subset
- Appoly21% all · 19% subset
- Red C19% all · 19% subset
Source and study details
Avouch Study 3, analysed 19 October 2026. Answers collected 30 July 2026. Full/remaining counts: 3 Sided Cube 25/48 and 4/27; Reason Digital 20/48 and 7/27; Torchbox 12/48 and 5/27; Appoly 10/48 and 5/27; Red C 9/48 and 5/27. Percentages rounded to whole numbers.
Reason Digital’s share also fell. It became the relative leader because the other frequencies changed, not because its visibility increased. Appoly, Red C and Torchbox tied for second place in the remaining answers. Rank here means frequency across answers, not the order of names within an answer.
A recurring website was usually accompanied by other sources
Every ChatGPT / Codex app answer recommending 3 Sided Cube also cited 3sidedcube.com. None used that website as its only saved source. Across those recommendation answers, the saved source lists contained 51 distinct website addresses.
Claude showed the same association less consistently: 84% of its 3 Sided Cube recommendation answers cited the company’s website; 4% cited it alone. Gemini’s sources were more dispersed, with four websites tied at 38%. None of those tied leaders was 3 Sided Cube’s own website.
- ChatGPT / Codex100% alongside · 0% alone
- Claude84% alongside · 4% alone
- Gemini38% alongside · 0% alone
Source and study details
Avouch Study 3. App answers collected 30 July 2026. ChatGPT / Codex: 3sidedcube.com in 10/10, alone in 0/10. Claude: 3sidedcube.com in 21/25, alone in 1/25. Gemini: raftlabs.com, roketco.com, simpalm.com and topappdevelopmentcompanies.com each in 3/8, alone in 0/8. Source presence is measured at whole-answer level; it does not prove support for an individual recommendation.
A competitor’s website also appeared repeatedly. Every Gemini answer recommending ANTLR Interactive or Goji Labs included simpalm.com in its sources. Simpalm is another app supplier. These records retain website names rather than exact pages, so we cannot establish which page was used or whether it supported a particular recommendation.
Technology: supplier websites recurred alongside other sources
In the IT-services questions, Grapevine appeared in 47% of Claude’s answers. Its website accompanied 81% of those recommendations, always alongside other sources. In the subset that did not cite grapevine.uk.com, Grapevine appeared in 14% of answers. SES Computers and Rejuvenate IT became joint leaders, each at 36%.
The same exclusion affected other suppliers too. HGC IT moved from 27% to 11%, although the excluded website belonged to Grapevine. Removing a whole answer can remove several recommendations together. This is why the result cannot be read as the isolated effect of one company’s website.
Cyber security: a shared directory accompanied many suppliers
CREST Marketplace appeared in 91% of Claude’s cyber-security answers. Every Claude answer recommending NCC Group, LRQA, Pen Test Partners or Prism Infosec included that directory. Each also included other sources.
- Claude · CREST Marketplace91%
- ChatGPT / Codex · CREST Marketplace55%
- ChatGPT / Codex · NCSC55%
- Gemini · DeepStrike55%
Source and study details
Avouch Study 3. Cyber-security answers collected 21 August 2026. marketplace.crest.org in 10/11 Claude answers and 6/11 ChatGPT / Codex answers; ncsc.gov.uk in 6/11 ChatGPT / Codex answers; deepstrike.io in 6/11 Gemini answers. Historical collection methods differ. The two ChatGPT rows are tied websites in the same sample, not independent groups.
Those websites serve different purposes. CREST Marketplace is an accredited-provider directory. NCSC is the National Cyber Security Centre. DeepStrike is a security supplier whose website publishes provider comparisons. Counting their citations does not make them equivalent forms of endorsement or assurance.
Excluding Claude’s CREST-citing answers left just one answer. A new ranking would mostly describe that one question. The useful result is how widely the directory appeared across the saved answers; there is too little remaining evidence to say which suppliers would lead without it.
What this adds to an AI visibility report
For tech, cyber security and app companies, the research adds context to the recommendation count. A company can appear repeatedly with its own website, a directory shared with rivals, or a publisher that compares the market. Those are different source patterns, even when the headline visibility percentage looks similar.
Our results support reporting the recurring websites alongside the questions and recommendations. They also give marketing teams a reason to investigate relevant sources beyond their own website. They do not establish that getting a directory listing or publishing a comparison will increase recommendations. That requires a separate test.
Avouch can use this research approach to review where your company and competitors appear, then agree the relevant work: website and content improvements, industry profiles, publication outreach or community activity. Delivery packages have an agreed scope and outputs; the source pattern helps inform the work, without promising inclusion in AI answers.
Read the full method, sample sizes and limitations
Scope and collection
This exploratory study reuses existing research records. It is not a random sample of technology buying, a record of real buyer searches or a controlled current-engine comparison. The questions were written for research. Technology covers IT support; calculations remain separate by buying category and engine. Named suppliers are recorded candidates, not a list of Avouch clients.
| Reporting group / purchase | Questions | Reviewed answers | Retained answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology / IT support | 45 | 135 | 135 |
| Cyber security / penetration testing | 11 | 33 | 33 |
| App development / charity, public-sector and social-impact buying | 48 | 143 | 143 |
| Total | 104 | 311 | 311 |
IT and app answers were collected on 30 July 2026, and cyber-security answers on 21 August. The IT questions mostly concerned Dorset, Wiltshire and southern England; the cyber questions concerned UK providers. Historical models and capture methods vary. ChatGPT labels include Codex runs. These results cannot establish current consumer-app performance or represent every technology purchase.
Screening
The original IT/app/cyber archive held 359 answers. We excluded 12 answers to four supplier-seeded questions and 36 answers to 12 background questions, leaving 311 discovery answers. These 311 answers are the whole review set, and we kept all of them. One app question has no saved Gemini answer.
Of the 311 retained answers, 295 contain a qualifying named candidate. All 16 answers without one remain in recommendation-frequency denominators, including five judged off-intent. Six retained answers lack saved sources; they are excluded from source comparisons, not treated as answers that did not cite a website.
Counting recommendations and sources
We counted named suppliers or solutions affirmatively offered for the requested purchase, including conditional alternatives and non-commercial or ready-made options when offered. Incidental tools, customers, integration examples and names appearing only in source titles were excluded. Names were normalised for aliases and counted once per answer. Inclusion does not verify capability, geography, price or accreditation.
Recommendation frequency averages presence within each question, then across questions in that engine and category. Source concentration is calculated among recommendation answers with saved sources, with each question receiving equal total weight. A source counts once per answer. Website addresses are lower-cased and a leading www is removed; other subdomains stay separate. Distinct website addresses are not necessarily independent owners or independent verification.
Some archives retain inline links, others a separate URL list, and the IT/app/cyber Gemini records retain website names only. Source presence is therefore measured at whole-answer level. It does not establish the source of an individual sentence or prove a website caused a supplier to be recommended.
Comparing the remaining shortlists
Within each engine and category, we identified the most frequent website across source-bearing answers, retained all ties and separately excluded answers citing each leader. We then recalculated recommendation frequencies using the remaining questions. Rank means frequency across answers; all ties are preserved. This changes the question mix. It is not an intervention, a forecast or a test of removing a website from the internet.
We report company-level concentration only where a candidate appears across at least five distinct questions. This yields 59 candidate/engine/category combinations, not 59 independent companies. We do not interpret replacement rankings with fewer than five remaining questions. Five is a reporting rule, not proof of statistical reliability; these samples remain small and selected.
Exact bases and sensitivity checks
For IT support, Grapevine changes from 21/45 to 4/28, HGC IT from 12/45 to 3/28, and SES Computers and Rejuvenate IT each appear in 10/28 remaining answers. Grapevine’s website accompanies 17/21 recommendations, alone in 0/21. In Gemini’s app answers, ANTLR Interactive and Goji Labs each appear in six answers, all citing simpalm.com alongside other websites.
In Claude’s cyber sample, CREST Marketplace accompanies NCC Group in 7/7 recommendation answers, LRQA in 8/8, Pen Test Partners in 8/8 and Prism Infosec in 7/7; none uses it alone. Combining CREST’s directory and main website leaves Claude at 10/11 and raises ChatGPT / Codex from 6/11 to 7/11. The headline website-based definition remains unchanged.
A more conservative treatment of two tentative Claude app recommendations changes 3 Sided Cube’s full-sample share from 52% to 48%, and its remaining-subset share from 15% to 7%. The direction is unchanged. Whole percentages are rounded; small samples should not be mistaken for precise market estimates.
All 311 stored answer fingerprints were reconciled, and included candidate names were checked against answer text. The 21 answers overlapping Study 2 agree after alias normalisation. This is one AI-assisted analytical workflow, with no independent double-coding or second-model review. Current source types were checked separately on 19 October; that does not reconstruct the contents of historical pages. Original private records remain unpublished.